Grapes are a very thermophilic plant and we are accustomed to growing it on huge plantations, mainly in southern countries. But over the past few decades, through the efforts of breeders, many hybrid varieties have been developed that can bear fruit in central Russia and even closer to the north in closed greenhouses. With an average temperature of ripening +18aboutIn just 100-110 days, you can get a harvest of juicy, aromatic berries. We will discuss further the cultivation and cultivation of such grapes.
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How to grow grapes at home
Grapes - just the culture that does not reproduce by seed, since in this case it does not retain its original genetic characteristics. Buy ready seedling favorite varieties are not always possible. That's why the most affordable and common method of propagation of the vine - cuttings.
Its availability lies in the fact that at home it is very easy to preserve, plant and root the grapes, prepare them for planting in open ground or a greenhouse. It is best to do this at home, since the process of rooting should begin no later than the end of February - the beginning of March.
Now many hybrid varieties have this ability, since grafting is one of the main directions of the work of breeders. Most often, gardeners love to grow table varieties,having excellent taste, sugar content, large berries (preferably without stones), with early or mid-ripening ripening. Virtually all of these requirements correspond to the variety: Delight, Kesha, Pleven, different varieties of Kishmish, Laura, Cadre, Annie, Aleshenkin, Velez and many others.
Features of growing
Growing grapes in a greenhouse or in the open field is directly dependent on the natural climatic conditions of the region. It is clear that in the southern regions in the open ground will have time to ripen grapes not only of early varieties, but later. But in the Middle Belt, the Moscow region and further north in open soils only the harvest of the earliest varieties will mature.
In those regions where summer is short, winters are cold, it is best to grow vines in greenhouses in order to enjoy the taste of berries with different ripening periods for a longer time. But indoors you will have to more carefully monitor the health of the bushes., microclimate, soil condition, as cases of fungal and other lesions spread much faster.In an enclosed space, it is easier to prevent the occurrence of typical diseases than to eradicate them.
Step-by-step technology of growing grape bushes from cuttings
The whole process of obtaining rooted seedlings takes several months, but it is not very complicated in terms of labor intensity. Even novice gardeners who decide to engage in viticulture are able to achieve the best results - this culture is so unpretentious, although it requires some attention. The main thing is to take care and carry out certain activities in time.
Cutting and storage of chubukov
The very first stage is the preparation of planting material. During the pruning of the grapes in the fall, when all the fruit-bearing branches this year are removed, cuttings are procured. It is the fruit branches that serve as the best material for future seedlings. What is necessary take into account:
- pruning is carried out after leaf fall, before the onset of the first frost;
- the vine should be as straight, healthy, light brown or sandy;
- the longer the cutting, the better the reproduction will be.
Cut cuttings need to be prepared for storage:
- soak in cold water for 1-2 days, changing the water 2 times a day;
- process with a solution of vitriol or potassium permanganate (it is best to soak for half an hour);
- spread out on paper napkins (towels) and dry well from excessive moisture;
- collect cuttings in a bundle, wrap tightly in plastic wrap, tie, fasten a tag with the name of the variety (if there are several grapes, you need to store in different packages, since different varieties have a bad effect on each other during storage); instead of the film, you can use plastic bottles - lower the vine through the neck and close the lid.
Store cuttings at t 0 + 5aboutC (fridge suitable, glazed balcony, basement).
Rooting preparation
At the end of February - the beginning of March, they begin to root the planting material. First you need to check how the material is preserved.To do this, update the sections, each at a distance from the upper and lower buds of 0.5-2 cm, respectively, in an oblique and direct way - they must be green and wet. Then the cuttings are lowered into the water for 1-2 days (depending on the degree of dryness of the twigs), to stimulate growth, you need to add honey, aloe juice or humate (1 table. Spoon / 10 liters of water).
Sprouting cuttings in water
Put a layer of cotton about 2 cm in the usual glass liter jar on the bottom, pour as much water (preferably thawed), lower the cuttings. The heel - the bottom edge - should be in the water at a depth of 4-5 cm. To avoid liquid rotting, you can put 2-3 tablets of activated carbon, top up with water periodically. You can put a plastic bag on top of the jar to create a greenhouse effect, put it on the window sill.
Grapes, like any plant, for intensive growth need an abundance of light and heat. First there will be twigs, and then the roots.In order for the root system to develop, the shoots should be broken off; for the bush, one, the most recent shoot will be enough.
Planting pots in a greenhouse or greenhouse
The soil for seedlings needs to be prepared in the fall, mixing in equal quantities turfy ground, peat, sand, rotted manure or compost; suitable and ready-made mixture from the store. As a container, you can use plastic bottles, disposable cups and larger, etc., to make drainage holes. At the bottom of the container pour a little drainage, then the prepared soil, gently lower the cutting on it, fill it with soil, slightly (!) Moisten it.
The heel of the seedling should be at a depth of 1/3 of the container, and the young shoots above the ground. Approximately until the end of May - the beginning of June, young seedlings will have time to root well, to develop full-fledged leaves and branches, - to prepare for planting into the ground.
Rooting in sawdust or soil
In the southern regions, where in March the soil warms to a temperature of 10-12 degrees at a depth of 10 cm, cuttings after processing and soaking can be planted directly into the ground - shkolka.Planting is done in a prepared, well-fertilized soil to a depth of 40 cm. The cuttings are laid in the pits (or furrow), covered with earth to half, well compacted, watered abundantly, pitted to the top. On the surface of the earth should remain 2 buds. Focusing on the climate of the region, you can grind the surface or temporarily cover the film.
Sawdust should be only hardwood trees, without the admixture of harmful sawdust plywood or chipboard. They need to be steamed before use - pour boiling water, then cool and in a deep bowl (bucket), first pour a small layer on the bottom. Then lay the sawdust in an inclined state, layering the cuttings vertically between them. After planting it is necessary to cover the dishes with foil, put them in a warm place and from time to time moisten the medium until sprouts and roots appear.
Proper planting of seedlings in open ground
The technology of how to plant in open ground is simple. Ready rooted seedling first prepared for planting in open ground.To do this, for 5-7 days, the seedlings in the pots are taken out on the street, avoiding direct sunlight. After quenching, the cuttings are lowered into the prepared holes together with the earthy clod, the wells are filled with earth mixed with humus, and poured over with warm water. The main thing - do not bury the plant and moderately watered. In order not to damage the roots when planting, plastic cups or other containers should be carefully cut, then remove the seedling with an earthy ball.
To germinate a grape stalk, root it and grow a seedling of your favorite variety of crispy sweet berries is not a lot of work. This can be done either in a polycarbonate greenhouse or in a greenhouse, or in the open field. Proper care of your pet - and he will thank you for active growth and rich harvest, literally, in two or three years.