Strawberries - a great berry in the garden. About her medicinal properties known for several hundred years. In addition, it is delicious, sweet. Her children love and not mind to try adults.
But even on well-groomed beds garden strawberries are not insured against the appearance of diseases and pests. If you do not fight them, then a good harvest will not work.
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Strawberry diseases and effective treatment in autumn and spring
Everyone knows that the fight against disease must begin before the first signs appear. Without preventive measures can not do. The sooner measures are taken, the higher the yield.
Fusarium and late blight on strawberries
Fusarium leads to wilting of the leaves. Its first sign is necrosis at the edges of the leaf plate, after which the sheet gradually changes color to brown and completely fades. Recognize late blight on the plant by the following features:
- bushes noticeably lagging behind in development;
- cent of the bush becomes red;
- leaves become grayish;
- edges of sheet plate twist upwards, forming a bowl;
- dying off the root system.
The fact is that spores of pathogenic fungi accumulate in the soil and on the roots of strawberries. To bookmark the beds choose only healthy material. Also before planting it is necessary to process the root system of plants.biologics. Shrubs on which there are signs of defeat, it is better to immediately destroy.
Mealy dew
Mealy dew significantly reduces yields, affecting all parts of the plant. To determine its appearance on strawberries can be on the following grounds:
- leaves are twisted in a boat;
- the color of the sheet plate changes, it turns purple;
- a white mealy bloom appears on the surface of the leaves and berries;
- berries shrink and deform.
In addition, the disease does not normally pollinate the plant, which reduces yields. Ripened fruits have an unpleasant taste and smell, more reminiscent of the smell of rot.
It is necessary to fight the disease immediately. Preventive spraying is carried out several times a season. The first time the plant is treated in early spring, then at the beginning of budding and after harvesting.
The bed is treated with preparations with copper, soap solution is added to them as an adhesive. For spraying using copper sulphate, Bordeaux liquid or preparations based on them.
Gray rot
Gray rot - a fungal disease,which destroys the entire crop rather quickly. Symptoms of the disease:
- light brown dense spots on fruits that grow rapidly;
- fluffy bloom on the fruit;
- ovaries and fruit stalks dry out;
- leaves are covered with brown or gray spots.
In addition, the strawberries on the affected plant quickly dry and mummify, and the disease progresses actively on young bushes.
Brown leaf spot
The insidious disease in a short time destroys the whole plantation of strawberries. It is quite simple to define it:
- small brown spots appear on the surface of the sheet, which quickly form one large spot;
- gradually the leaves of the affected plant turn yellow and die.
The fight against the disease begins in early spring, the plants are sprayed with copper preparations. After harvesting, the treatment is repeated once more.
White spot
The fungal disease is manifested by white clear spots on the leaves of the plant, the edge of the spot has a dark color. The points do not merge into a single spot, but the affected leaves gradually die off.
Fight against the causative agent of the disease is carried out every year, not only take preventive spraying, but also regularly take care of the bed. Monitor the condition of the soil, weed out.
What pests are dangerous for strawberry and why?
Significantly reduce the harvest not only diseases, but also voracious pests that eat around the berries and leaves of the plant. Shrubs noticeably lagging behind, flowering is delayed. Pest control is carried out throughout the growing season.
The first preventive treatment occurs in early spring,then do another three or four sprays.
Strawberry Nematode
Strawberry nematode reproduces very quickly. To this pest did not live on the site, be sure to use only healthy seedlings. Immediately before planting, the plant is satisfied with a douche that kills nematode larvae.
Shrubs immersed in a basin of hot water, the temperature of which is at 45 degrees, stand ten minutes. After that, immediately cool the seedlings in ice water. Only then proceed to planting. The landing hole is pre-filled with lime.
If the pest has already settled on the site, then the affected bushes are dug out and burned. Identify diseased bushes is simple:
- young bushes are deformed, become brittle;
- shoots and internodes thicken;
- flowering is almost absent;
- the resultant fruits are small and ugly.
In addition, having dug a bush, in its roots one can notice small-sized worms, the length of which does not exceed 1 mm. This is a pest.
Strawberry mite and bushes processing
Strawberry mite infects the leaves of the plant, and begins to harm in early spring, sucking the juice from the young shoots of strawberries.
The pest females calmly winter in the soil, spring to the surface and settle at the base of the bush. Signs of damage to strawberries:
- young leaves of the plant are deformed, become terry along the edges;
- gradually the sheet plate wrinkles;
- the plant is covered with oily bloom;
- berries shrink, reduced yield.
Dandelion infusion is made from fresh raw materials. The leaves are crushed and filled with hot water, the temperature of which is not more than 50 ° C. The mixture is infused for about 4 hours, then filtered and used for its intended purpose. A 10-liter bucket consumes about 1 kg of leaves.
The infusion of tomato tops are prepared from dry shoots, which are harvested in the fall. One kilogram of tops is poured with hot water (10 l) and infused for 4 hours. After that, the solution is boiled for two hours, cooled and filtered. The working solution is diluted 1: 2 and add rubbed soap.
How to process berries from spider mites?
Often in the garden they notice that the leaves of the strawberry are entangled in a thin web, they slow down growth and gradually dry out. This wielding a spider mite. The pest sucks the cell sap of the plant, which leads to death, the yield drops.
At the first signs of a lesion, a bed of infusion of wormwood and tobacco is immediately sprayed. Prepare it the same as infusion of dandelion. If the moment is missed, the bed can be treated with Carbofos or the preparation "Fitoverm".
Fighting aphids on strawberries
The pest is visible to the naked eye. The leaves of the plant curl, gradually dry out, the flowering is delayed, the fruits are deformed.
Of the popular methods for the fight against aphids garlic infusion is widely used. The heads are peeled and crushed. Garlic pour ice water (3 liters) and infuse the mixture for one week. Then the solution is filtered and used for its intended purpose.
Wasps
The wasps also plague the strawberry plantation, eating the sweet berries. To get rid of them, special sweet baits are placed on the territory.
Birds
Some birds are not averse to pecking strawberries. Arrange scarecrow or plastic bottles, put on pegs.This will scare away annoying neighbors.
Remember, if time is lost, then it is very difficult to defeat the disease and pests, treatment in most cases may be ineffective. Inspect the beds in a timely manner, remove weeds, carry out preventive treatment of strawberry bushes in the fall, remove the affected plants without regret.