Northern or Oryol synapse - a detailed description of the variety

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Since ancient times, apples of the Sinap variety are valued for their incredible taste, similar to something honey. In addition, they have a long shelf life and are able to lie through the entire winter. Therefore, they are considered an ideal option for fresh harvesting for the winter period.

If you still have not planted this variety in your garden or summer cottage, then you should think about planting it next year in the spring. Moreover, the apple tree Sinap has been cultivated for more than a hundred years in many regions of Russia. About its properties, features of cultivation, care should talk in more detail.

Description of the apple tree Sinap Orlovsky

Sinap is of two kinds - North and Orlovsky.

The Northern variety was bred by S.I. Isaev at the biological station of young naturalists named after KA Timiryazev. It was obtained by pollination from seeds of the variety Kandil-Kitayka in 1927.

The Oryol variety is bred from the Severny variety, therefore it possesses the same taste and has a high yield.. This variety was obtained in 1955 at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding of Fruit Crops and the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Horticulture. I.V. Michurin by crossing the Northern Sinap and the variety Memory of Michurin.

Ripening and yield

Northern and Orlovsky Sinap has a high yield. On average, from one tree receive up to 200 kilograms of apples. Ripe fruits begin to collect from the beginning of the first decade of October. The period of the first harvest may vary depending on the type of climate and weather of the region in which this variety grows.

The period of full fruiting in the trees comes not too early.The first apples appear only in the fourth year of apple cultivation.

Over time, the apple of this variety quickly increase the level of yield. Every year the number of ripe apples increases, if in the first year they collect 100 kg, then next year this figure will increase by 2 times. However, abundant fruiting can adversely affect the size of apples.

Apple description

Sinap Orlovsky apple variety has the following qualities:

• The size of ripe fruit is average, weight is 150 grams;
• Ripe fruits, ready to be taken from a tree, have a yellow-green tint.. And after storage, the fruits become golden yellow;
• If the tree is on the sunny side, then on the ripe apples there appears a soft pale pink blush with blur;
• The peel has a dense structure;
• Ripe apples are oily and smooth to the touch.

The apple variety Northern Sinap has the following characteristics:

1. Mature fruits have different forms, the weight of one fruit is 120 grams;
2. The surface of the peel is smooth, there is oiliness;
3. The color of ripe apples is yellow-green, sometimes there is a dark red blush;
4. The flesh has a juicy, loose structure;
5. The flesh has a wonderful taste, due to the harmonious combination of acid and sweetness, juiciness and tenderness.

The ripened fruit contains a reduced percentage of sugar. The level of total sugar is 9.5%. After a final period of maturation during the maturation, the level of the ratio of sugars and acids acquires equilibrium. During this period, apples have a rich taste with a slightly sour taste. The caloric value of 100 grams of apples does not exceed 50 kilocalories.

Ripe apples Sinapa Severny and Orlovsky have high beneficial properties. They contain a high level of vitamins, microelements. When storing do not lose their useful properties.

Pollination

Apple tree Sinap - partially samoplodnoe tree. Many gardeners advise to improve yields,grow nearby pollinators. For the Northern Sinapa, Antonovka, Pepin Saffron, Slavyanka are considered suitable options.

For Sinap Orlovsky are suitable Antonovka and Welsey.

The advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Sinap Severny and Orlovsky apples are grown in many regions of Russia. This is due to the positive properties of this variety. It is worth highlighting the most popular advantages of Sinapa Severny and Orlovsky:

• This sort of apples has a precocity;
• High yield. With one tree at the age of 5 years, you can collect 4-5 bags of apples, it is 200 kilograms;
• Mature fruits are subject to storage.. When lying, they rarely deteriorate, are not covered with mold and retain a high level of nutrients;
• Withstand severe frosts. Sinap Orlovsky able to withstand temperatures down to -7.8 degrees. When lowering the temperature to minus, the ripe fruits do not freeze, they retain all their external and internal qualities;
• Can grow in the regions of Russia with a harsh climate;
• Ripe apples have excellent taste. After harvesting, from early October to late November, apples are left to lie down, preferably for a month. After that, the fruits ripen, get a great taste, become juicy and healthy.

However, in addition to positive qualities, Sinap has negative ones, of which it is worth highlighting the main ones:

1. After planting seedlings, fruiting tree comes only for 4 year of life;
2. Without pollinators, yield will drop to 40%;
3. The Northern Synaph, unlike Orlovsky, has low frost resistance, therefore it is not recommended to plant it in the northern regions of Russia;
4. Low resists scab, damage to pests and diseases. Therefore, periodically in early spring produce appropriate processing;
5. The tree has large dimensions, so it causes inconvenience when grown in small areas.

Regions of natural growth

In Russia, suitable areas for growing Sinapa Severny are the following:

• Central Chernozem;
• Lower Volga;
• On stansel forms in the region of Eastern Siberia.

Sinapa Orlovsky variety is suitable for planting in the territories:

1. Central;
2. Central Black Earth;
3. Middle Volga;
4. North-West region of Russia.

In addition, this variety is actively grown in six regions of Belarus.

Crown formation

Trees of the Northern and Orlovsky Sinap varieties have the same characteristics:

1. Strong height and large size;
2. The shape of the crown is pyramid with spreading branches. For this reason, before planting it is necessary to allocate the necessary place for growing for seedlings. In the future, this will ensure full growth due to the receipt of all necessary components;
3. The size of the height of an adult tree is from 3 to 5 meters;
4. Shoots are dark brown in color, their thickness is average. They are lowered down. The form is cranked. Leaves are rare;
5. The shade of the leaves is green or dark green. Size - medium, in shape they are wide, slightly elongated, lowered down. The edges of the leaf blade are raised upwards;
6. The main branches from the trunk depart in the perpendicular direction, the ends have an upper direction.

Planting rules for seedlings

A suitable time for planting saplings of Sinap Severny and Orlovsky apple varieties is the period from mid-September to mid-October.

Seedlings can be planted in the spring. If the apple tree is planted in the spring, then the planting should begin in the first half of April. In the spring it is worth planting when the threat of freezing is completely over, otherwise the seedlings may not settle down.

The main features of the landing:

• Pits for seedlings need to be done in 14 days for planting;
• The depth of the holes should be at least 80 cm, and the size of the length and width of each well should be at least 1 meter;
• The bottom of the hole should be loosened with a rake;
• Then you need to break a brick or expanded clay to small fragments and put it on the bottom of the pit. This will provide additional drainage;
• Fertile soil in the hole is mixed with rotted manure and wood ash. On ¾ of the land, a ¼ fertilizer mixture is required;
• Then, 40 grams of potassium sulfate and 80 grams of superphosphate should be added to the finished mixture of soil and fertilizer mixture. Everything mixes thoroughly;
• After that, this mixture should be poured into a pit for planting. Fertilizer should fill the hole by almost 1/3 part;
• After falling asleep fertilizer, in the central part you need to add a little bit of earth to form a hill height of 20 cm;

• After that, the seedling is placed in the hole. The distance of the root collar to the ground should be at least 5-6 cm;
• We drive a peg around a seedling, its size should be 60-80 cm. A seedling is tied to this peg;
• Roots carefully straightened, they should not be confused. Then they are sprinkled with earth, compacted, but not hard;
• Then the seedling is filled with water. One young tree will need up to 3-4 buckets of water.

It is advisable to plant young planting material of Sinap Severny and Orlovsky apple varieties on loamy, sandy loam soils with high air and moisture permeability.. The main indicator is the remoteness of the landing from the flow of groundwater is not less than 2 meters, because the apple trees can not stand the long stagnation of water.

Care rules

Despite the fact that Sinap Severny and Orlovsky are considered to be unpretentious varieties of apple trees, they still require additional care. If you carry out appropriate and timely care, as a result, you can harvest a good harvest.

Pruning

During intensive growth of apple trees, it is necessary to do periodic cutting of young trees.

Features pruning trees:

1. In the first year after planting the seedlings, only a third of the branches should be pruned;
2. A year later, in spring, pruning is carried out so that after it there are three tiers of branches left;
3. In subsequent periods, the circumcision procedure is performed so that there is only one main conductor in the end.

Pruning of young trees is done at 20-25 cm, adults at 45-50 cm. During pruning, dry and damaged branches are necessarily removed.

Watering rules

In order for the tree to constantly bear fruit and give a good harvest it is necessary to water it properly:

• During spring and summer, trees are watered at least 4-5 times a month;
• One young tree is required to pour out up to 2-3 buckets of water;
• After each irrigation procedure it is necessary to break through the soil. This ensures the proper distribution of moisture;
• Before irrigation, be sure to make a circle around the trunk, due to this water will be better absorbed.

Features feeding

Sinap Severny and Orlovsky are fertilized 4 times a year:

1. After the winter period;
2. After the formation of the kidneys;
3. After flowering;
4. After a full harvest.

How to fertilize apple trees:

• The first fertilizer is done next spring after planting the seedling. During this period, a mixture of fertilizer is applied to the soil - 700 grams of manure is added to 1 bucket of soil;
• As the first buds appear in the near-stem circle of each tree, 500 grams of urea must be dispensed, then the hole is dug up;
• After the flowering period is over, trees should be fertilized with a special solution. The composition of the fertile solution includes 100 grams of superphosphate, 60 grams of urea, 40 grams of calcium.All these components are diluted in 10 liters of water. You can fertilize another no less fertile mixture - a kilogram of liquid mullein, 500 grams of bird droppings, 40-50 grams of superphosphate is added to 10 liters of water;
• As the crop is harvested, fertilizer is applied to the soil. 30-50 grams of superphosphate is added to 10 liters of water.

Diseases and pests

Often, Sinapa Severny and Orlovsky develop scab and powdery mildew. Trees show moderate resistance to these lesions. Therefore, it is imperative to provide complete protection against these lesions.

Rules for the protection and prevention of diseases from scab and powdery mildew:

1. Works to prevent lesions and diseases in apple trees are carried out in the autumn;
2. Mandatory control of the state of branches and the integrity of the bark of the trunk;
3. Cutting off dried branches and damaged parts;
4. Places of trimming in young trees are sealed with chalk, in adults - with lime mortar;
5. After the apples are fully harvested, the crowns are sprayed with a 3-5% solution of copper sulfate;
6. In the period of early spring before the buds start blooming, spraying is done from Fitosporin M solution or 1% Bordeaux liquid.

With a lack of calcium in the soil, Sinapa apples are affected by bitter pitting. To saturate the land during the pouring and ripening of the fruit, it is recommended to use the drug in liquid form - Kalbit C. 6-8 ml of the drug is added to 10 liters of water. Spraying is carried out in the evening. Sprayed from the top, gradually falling to the bottom.

To combat the coddle moth, wormwood solution is used. To do this, tincture is made from wormwood, then 25 ml of tincture is added to 10 liters of water and trees are sprayed with this solution. Spraying begins 4-5 weeks before harvest. Spraying is carried out 2 times at intervals of 7 days.

Sinap apple variety is winter versionwhich has good yields. It can be planted in regions with a harsh climate, because the trees have high frost resistance.

Of course, in order to get a good harvest, you must follow the rules of planting, care and further cultivation. Do not forget to feed and spray the trees, it will protect against damage from diseases and pests.