In almost any garden you can find different types of apple trees. In the CIS countries is very common cultivation of these trees.
High-quality care and good varieties, every year bring a great harvest of these beautiful fruits.
In this article we let's talk about variety Bogatyr, consider the history of plant breeding, rules for planting and caring for a tree, and also talk about the diseases of the tree.
Table of contents
Description variety Bogatyr
The history of apple selection
This variety was obtained by one of the Soviet scientists Semen Fedorovich ChernenkoHe was a breeder and fruit grower. The variety was personally approved by V.M. Michurin.
At the moment the Bogatyr grows and thrives in almost every corner of Russia, those who have planted this tree at least once fall in love with it forever.
Bred a variety when crossing the variety Antonovka and Reneta LandsbergIt was the latter that gave the apples enormous size and wonderful taste.
Tree and Fruit Characteristics
This variety grows quite high, up to 5 meters., more or less thick branches are fixed with a trunk, the color of the bark is olive. The sprigs in the inner part of the crown almost do not grow, it is almost bare.
The shape of the leaves is oval, serrated at the edges, steeped below. Attached to the branches with reddish petioles.
Pinkish white flowers, slightly smaller than normal. Anthers are about 2 cm below the stigmas.
Fruit formation occurs on kolchatka more often than on crown twigs. On such fruit, it is possible to form several apples, but not more than 3.
They have a rounded shape, becoming a narrower cone to the calyx. Enough large smooth apples, light green when removed, but during storage the color changes to yellow.
From the south side on them in sunny time there is a red blush. To taste, the apples are sweet and sour, with a chic aroma, unlike the Antonovka variety, they are sweeter.
Merits:
- bear fruit early;
- stable good yield;
- perfectly tolerate transportation;
- good marketability;
- excellent taste;
- good resistance to scab;
- winter hardy.
disadvantages: color when harvesting ripe apples is greenish.
Terms of ripening apples, when to collect, storage
Usually the apples are hanging on the fruits before the harvest. The maturity for the collection comes around the beginning of October, but they are advised not to collect them too soon, because they will shrink when stored for a long time.
Apples ripen for the consumer around the end of December, at the same time, Antonovka no longer has its own qualities, it loosen and darken.
Marketability of apples in the collection is estimated at almost 90%, of which 60% are premium. By weight, on average, apples are 160 g, maximum 390 g.
The variety begins to bear fruit after budding for 7 years, after planting in gardens for 4 years. The harvest will be pretty good when the tree is about 9 years old, in the flesh up to 50 kg, and from older 15-year-old trees up to 80 kg can be obtained.
The crop is harvested annually, unlike the Antonovka variety, although its weight may decrease.
Tree planting rules
You can plant an apple tree both in autumn and in springit is better to do it before the onset of cold weather. In fact, planting a tree is not difficult, but for quality planting, you need to take into account some aspects.
For good growth of a sapling, so that nothing could interfere with it, need a place on a hill. If there is groundwater nearby or the site may flood, it is better not to plant trees at all.
For the seedling you need to dig a big hole. Its depth should be about 80 cm, the width of the hole is 1 m. Do not forget that the variety is very tall and spreading, trees should be planted at a sufficient distance from each other.
In cases where the soil does not allow oxygen to pass through, it is recommended to add peat, humus and sand. Such a fertilizer will improve the oxygen permeability, the roots will breathe well, and there will be no stagnation of moisture.
In the spring, when the tree has already dismissed the leaves, you need to spray it from insect peststhat is suitable for apple trees. It is better to dig the hole for the seedling in advance and fill it with compost, humus and sand.
Peculiarities of care
High-quality care for the Bogatyr variety is divided into stages. Each of them needs a special approach and special procedures.
In the year of planting, you need to pluck about 80% of the flowers.. It helps the tree to settle down better. Later, it will be necessary to cut off half of the crop, when the fruits have only begun to ripen to 2 centimeters in diameter.
Such actions are called rationing.. Now, when forming the harvest, your fruits will be much larger and tastier, except that it is easier for the tree to prepare for winter.
It is necessary to water a tree 4 times a month, by type: one bucket for one tree twice a day. Watering is especially important at the end of the summer, when the tree is bearing fruit, and lays almost that will form the next crop.
Watering mode should be monitored, paying attention to weather conditions. We recommend to finish watering in Augustotherwise the shoots will grow too much and it will be harder for the tree to survive the winter.
Of course apple tree culture frost resistant, but to help the tree to move the winter, you can mulch horse humus pristvolny circle.
How to prune apple trees? High-quality pruning regulates the yield, the size of the fruit, and also helps save the tree from various diseases:
- If you plant a branch of a young seedling, you need to cut the third part. This will speed up the crown bookmark.
- Trees should be pruned each year at the beginning of spring before buds will blossom.
- If you are completely cutting a branch, you need to do it at the base so that hemp does not remain.
- It is necessary to remove the branches with fruits that reach the ground and fall on it.
- In order to increase the harvest, it is necessary to thin out the apple trees every year.
- From the new shoots need to leave only the most direct and strong, the weak is required to be cut. But do not confuse strong escape with a top.
- You can cut off well, more than 4 part of the shoots from the total mass.
Diseases and pests
Scab disease bears harm to the fruits and leaves of the tree. The very first signs of the disease you can observe in early spring.
Greenish-brown specks will appear sharply on the leaves of the apple tree and the leaves will fall off. Many small brown spots will form on the fruits.
In this disease, flowers, ovaries and leaves are affected; they simply crumble. Also there is a curvature of the shoots of the tree.
How to deal with this disease:
- fallen leaves need to drip or recycle;
- infected shoots need to be cut and burned;
- it is required to spray the tree with a solution of manganese - 7%;
- repeat a week later - 5% solution;
- after harvesting spray again.
Fruit rot - brown spots are formed on fruits, their number is constantly growing. After that, white mushroom spores appear on them.As a result, the fruits either fall off or remain dried to be seen on the tree.
Control measures: all fallen and infected fruits must be removed from the garden, treated with 1% bordeaux liquid. After harvesting, spraying the trees with a solution of copper sulphate is required.
Major pests:
- moth;
- aphid;
- hawthorn
We need time to take measures to destroy them, otherwise the tree will die.
Aphids eat away the kidneys from the inside, sucks the juice from the leaves and flowers, while rapidly multiplying.
Methods of struggle:
- burn out damaged areas of the tree;
- treat the damaged parts with a solution: 40 g of soap with garlic decoction or yarrow;
- processing by special means.
Hawthorn is a gray-brown caterpillar and dark stripes. Attacks trees in early spring, eats leaves and buds.
Way to fight:
- attract the birds that feed on them;
- spray with special means: wormwood decoction, tomato, and yarrow.
Peduncle also eats leaves and almost, and also because of it in the fruit worms are formed.
Fighting method:
- burn damaged parts of the tree, and dig up the soil next to the tree;
- hang naphthalene or wormwood on the branches, their smell will scare away the pests;
- process biologics.
Variety of apples Bogatyr - the dignity of any garden. The quality of the fruit leaves no one indifferent.