White filling - one of the most famous apple varieties among gardeners. These apple trees bring delicious fruits among the very first, when the rest of the trees are just beginning to shape the future harvest. The apples are soft and juicy, many gardeners can preserve them in sweet syrup.
Table of contents
The history of the origin and description of the variety of apples
The variety has a long history. Its appearance is associated with popular selection.It is assumed that Bely pouring arose in the Baltic countries and soon spread throughout Europe, but there are also adherents to the theory that it is an old Russian variety.
The trees at the white apple variety are medium-sized and rarely exceed 4-5 m. At first, the crown resembles a pyramid in shape, but becomes rounded over the years. The bark also has its own characteristics, which makes it possible to distinguish a variety from others, even when there are no leaves and fruits on the tree. Usually, the bark has a light gray color and is rather rough, but sometimes it is smooth, but only in young trees.
The leaves are of medium size, shaped like an ellipse. On the lower side, the leaves have fluff, and on top are smoother. Their color is gray-green, but the leg is lighter. When flowering, there are large white petals with pink splashes. Due to the large flowers can be well pollinated by the wind without the help of insects.
In young trees, they are large and reach 120-150 g each. When the tree grows old, the apples become shallow and are around 60 g. The fruits themselves are rounded at the tail and gradually taper under the cone to the calyx.
They have a green color, which with maturation begins to look more like white. If the crown is illuminated by the sun, then a pink blush appears on the fruits on the south side. On one side of the apple, there is a characteristic seam from the tail to the calyx. After the ovary on the fruit, a whitish bloom appears, which persists until harvest, it is easy to erase or wash off.
The skin of the fruit is thin and slightly sour in comparison with the tender flesh. White filling apples are appreciated in the preparation of jam, jam, juice and wine. For cooking you need less sugar than for other varieties, because they are not very sour. Fruits contain:
- 10% pectin;
- 9% sugar;
When do white apples ripen?
The first fruits of the white apple variety after filling the seedling begin to grow after 5-6 years. The average yield of a young tree is about 200 kg. Full ripening of apples occurs by mid-August.But it is uneven, therefore harvesting should be carried out at least twice as far as appearing on the crown of ready-to-eat apples. The first time I will eat is at the beginning of August 5-10 numbers, and the second in the middle or last numbers.
If the apple is overripe, the pulp becomes cotton and powdery. The juiciness is lost, although the pleasant aroma persists for a long time. The fruit is very tender, especially when it ripens, any scratch leads to rotting and deterioration. For storage, only manual harvesting is allowed; when shaken, fruits break and turn brown at the point of impact.
Harvest is difficult to transport. It is not recommended to be stored in a high container, since the lower fruit is crushed and brown areas immediately appear under the skin, from which rot will disperse. Despite this delicacy of fruits, the variety is very much appreciated among gardeners who are aimed not at selling, but at eating or fast processing.
Benefit and harm
The benefits of White loading are early ripening and good yields. The taste of apples also positively influences the popularity of the variety. The tree itself has a high survival rate and can grow on different types of soil. With poor care without watering, fertilizing and pruning, the apple tree will still produce a small crop.
Deficiencies in the variety, you can count a few pieces. First of all, it is poor transportability and softening of fruit pulp during storage. Apples get smaller as the tree gets older. The last important disadvantage of the variety is its impossibility of growing in cold climates. Harm to the body is also not detected.
Planting young seedlings
Seedlings are purchased and planted in early May. To do this, choose a suitable place, preferably away from buildings creating a permanent shadow, but if you want to have a tree under the window, then Bely pouring is quite capable of growing in such conditions.
The main thing is that nearby there are no roots of other trees capable of pulling from the soil the necessary for apple trees moisture and useful substances. The distance to the crown of a nearby tree should be at least 4 meters.
For planting, a 45x45 cm pit is dug out, at the bottom of which you need to fill a bucket of humus in the form of a hill. Top fertilizer sprinkled with a few centimeters of soil removed from the top layer of soil. The seedling is set in the center of the mound, and its roots evenly spread along the slope.
Holding it in this state, the earth falls asleep from above and is slightly tamped down. The root neck should be above the soil level. After landing, the hole will not be completely covered so that a small step remains. This makes it easy to water the tree, and moisture will not spill to the side. When planting will need 10-20 liters of water.
Care and fertilizer at the initial stage
The first thing you need to provide for the growth of a sapling is moisture. It is necessary to alternate the moistening of the soil and the time for pouring it. Excess moisture adversely affects the root system and causes the appearance of rot.The upper layer of the earth must be periodically loosened to ensure unhindered air access to the roots.
It is better to immediately tie up the sapling, this will protect it from strong wind and allow you to adjust its shape. In the early years it is important to ensure that the tree does not start to bend. If this is neglected, then when the crown is stronger, it will be impossible to correct the direction of its growth.
To accelerate the onset of fruiting, it is possible to contribute to the development of the roots, for which potassium and phosphate fertilizers are used, as well as urea. This can be started from the second year after landing. In the spring of urea is introduced in the calculation of 2st. spoons of 10 liters of water for each treeIn the fall, its use is undesirable because it will impair the ability to winter. In September, you can add a solution of water and superphosphate, in the same proportion 2 tablespoons per bucket of water.
Formation of apple crown
To make a tree form a single tying is not enough, and you need to resort to the annual pruning. The young sapling is initially cut at a height of 80-90 cm. This forces the lateral branches to develop, which will contribute to the formation of a rounded crown.
When the crown develops, side shoots appear far out in the direction of the trunk, they also need to be cut at a distance of 50-70 cm. White filling feels better with a rounded crown, so you need to cut off the top shoots that grow at an acute angle in relation to the trunk.
When the tree blooms, several small apples appear in each bunch. In order for the fruits to be large, you can remove the central apple from each bundle. In addition to increasing the size of the fruit, this will help avoid excessive depletion of the young tree, which leads to crop failure in the next season.
Pest prevention
White filling is subject to the same diseases and pests as common varieties. He may suffer from:
- powdery mildew;
- apple scab;
- aphids;
- apple stem;
- moths;
- apple flower beetle and others.
The condition of the trees should be monitored and special symptoms should be applied when symptoms occur.. In respect of young trees, the treatment is carried out simply, because their growth allows you to apply a full spraying. With large specimens it is difficult to carry out complete countermeasures.
Therefore, you need to notice the problem and eliminate before spreading. When parasites appear, you can sacrifice a branch, which you should immediately burn, than to spray a 5-meter tree.
White Beer Filling has a number of advantages, the most important of which is early ripening. But the low rate of storage and transportation makes it a purely grade for its own use or rapid processing. A negative indicator is the reduction of fruits with increasing age of the tree.
Gardeners reviews
Kristina: At my dacha, Bely's has been growing for 15 years already. Every spring there is a lot of ovary, most of which fall in a few weeks, although the tree does not seem to be ill. Most likely, fertilizer and watering should be given, but what’s left is enough for me.
Nikolay: Yes, about bad storage, I agree, it is enough to press down a little and the skin has a tendency to burst and juice flows out.
Makar: Yield through time, it happens too much and do not have time to collect, and sometimes not enough.I would like something medium and permanent.
Gregory: “White filling” is my favorite summer variety. An old tree grows behind my house, almost reaching the top of the roof. Last year I planted another new one, because it most likely dries out in a year or two. I don’t bring any fertilizers in the summer; I watered it three times, when there was no rain for a long time.