Red-leaved hazel is known for a long time by the use of its fruits and excellent melliferous properties. Besides shrub is actively used for decorative purposes. It fits well into the landscape and serves as a worthy decoration of home gardens.
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Description of hazel red leaf
Krasnolistnaya hazel is a monoecious shrub that grows mainly in central Russia, which is often called hazelnut. In natural conditions it grows in deciduous and mixed forests, but can occur in the steppe, forest-steppe. The soil prefers moist, rich in mineral fertilizers.
Plant height ranges from 3 to 7 meters. Hazel leaves oval-round reddish-brown color. The bottom side of the leaf plate turns green by autumn. On one plant grow female flowers and male earrings. They bloom in early spring before the leaves appear. Hazel blossoms in mid-March, the fruits ripen in August - September. Grows quickly, begins to bear fruit on 4 - 5 year after disembarkation. Hazel fruits are called nuts. Nuts are connected in stems of 2 - 5 pieces. Shrubs fructify annually, but yields alternate from moderate to abundant. The total lifespan of a bush - 50 - 80 years.
The composition and benefits of walnut
Hazelnuts are incredibly helpful. In their composition they contain:
- fats;
- easily digestible proteins;
- sucrose;
- B vitamins;
- vitamins of group E;
- vitamins of group C;
- iron salts.
Eating hazel nuts is useful for both adults and children.They give the young body the necessary micronutrients. In adulthood, heart function and brain activity are maintained.. Kernels are eaten raw, roasted, dried. They are added to soups, roasts, desserts, liqueurs. Nut flour, chopped and ground walnuts has a wide application in cooking.
Hazel has always been famous not only for its taste, but also for its healing properties.:
- Fresh kernels are thoroughly triturated with a small amount of water, getting nut milk. This product has a high nutritional value and recommended for use by a weakened patient.
- Walnut infusions successfully used in diseases of the lungs, kidneys and stomach.
- Honey Rubbed Nuts have a positive effect on the circulatory system body, relieve pain with rheumatism and gout.
- Nutmeal flour mixed with beaten egg yolk is an excellent remedy for thermal burns.
- Peanut butter widely used in the fight against worms. It is also added to many moisturizing facials and creams.
- Walnut infusions noticeably strengthen the immune system and increase hemoglobin.
- Thanks to the combination of zinc and vitamins of group B, hazel fruits used to increase potency, stimulation of spermatogenesis and normalization of the pelvic organs.
- Nuts have lactogenic properties and help increase the amount of milk for lactating women.
- Hazelnut Extract increases the tone of the central nervous systemnormalizes bowel activity.
- Nutritional Vitamin E helps to cope with sore throat and cold.
Planting and tree care
Practically all types of soil are suitable for planting hazel, except arid and marshy. Grows better in fertile, drained soil without much stone and sand. Shrubs are quite shade tolerant, but in closed, shaded areas, the harvest is significantly reduced. It prefers well-lit, not windy places - slopes, beams, outskirts of the forest. The plant is frost-resistant, but in severe winters there is a danger of freezing. It is recommended to plant on the eastern, northeastern, low slopes, since in spring there is the least fluctuation in temperature, which will reduce the likelihood of burns of the inflorescences.
It is recommended to plant a plant in spring or autumn, but the most favorable time is mid-September. To plant a bush you need to prepare a hole 70x60 cm. A thick layer of humus is laid out at the bottom of the pit at the rate of 10-15 kg per plant. For a good survival of the bush can be added to the humus potassium salt and superphosphate. It is also recommended to add land from under another growing hazel in the planting pit. On the roots of the bush are formed mycoses, which are a combination of fungi and the root system of the plant. Adding this soil allows the seedling to grow and develop faster.
Before planting, seedlings must be cut to 25 - 35 cm. The root system should be placed in a special mixture of humus and clay - this will improve the survival of the plant.
You can plant bushes at a distance of 5 - 6 m from each other. If the hazelnut Krasnopolistnaya is planted for decorative purposes, then the distance can be reduced to 3 - 4 m. Planted seedlings must be tied to a wooden support.
To get a rich harvest you need the right and timely care for the plant.:
- Watering. Despite the drought resistance, watering the plants should be regular. It is especially important during planting and rooting seedlings. Watering hazel is better early in the morning or late in the evening so that the scorching sun does not harm the roots. For irrigation it is better to use warm spring water.
- Top dressing. It is recommended to feed the bush with organic fertilizers once every 3 to 4 years, and mineral fertilizers should be applied every year. Before the appearance of the fruit, you can fertilize the soil with urea.
- Formation. For good growth and development it is necessary to thin out the bush. In autumn, once every 6 to 9 years old, underdeveloped branches should be sawn off, leaving 7 to 10 stems. It is important to ensure that the trunks are branched off uniformly from the root, and not grouped on any one side. If preference is given to the formation in the form of a tree, then 1 trunk is left, from which skeletal branches then branch off.
- Loosening. Loosening the soil is desirable to produce after each watering of the plant. This is especially important in the process of its rooting.
Breeding rules for this variety
There are several ways of breeding hazel. It multiplies seeds, layering, dividing the bush and cuttings. It is important to remember that varietal characteristics fully preserve hazel only during vegetative propagation.
Layering
Hazel Krasnopolistnaya well propagated by layering. For this purpose, young annual shoots are used. Near the escape a small groove is dug deep. 15 - 20 cm. Escape bends into the groove, covered with earth and watered abundantly with warm water. The top of the shoot must be firmly tied to a wooden peg next to it. Separate the escape from the mother bush should not be.
After a month, the buds on the shoot give their own shoots. In the middle of summer, when they grow to 15 - 20 cmspud them up 2/3 heights. During the summer, earthing is repeated 3-4 times. When transplanting, the processes are separated from each other. From one shoot, several new seedlings are obtained.
Seeds
Seed reproduction is a rather long and laborious process. Large ripened nuts are selected for planting. Plant can be in the fall and spring. Sowing is recommended in the fertilized wet soil to a depth 5 - 6 cm.
The distance between the seeds in the groove should not be less 10 cm, between grooves - no less 20 cm. The top of the groove is covered with a mixture of humus and peat 3–5 cm thick. If the seeds are planted in the fall, you should insulate the grooves with sawdust, hay or moss. Seedlings are dug out of the garden 2 years after germination and planted in a permanent place.
Dividing bush
By dividing the bush, the hazelnut Krasnopolistnaya reproduces quite easily. The dug bush must be divided into several parts so that each part has a trunk with roots long 20 - 30 cm. Each part is planted in a deep hole and poured abundantly with warm water. This method is actively used in the discharge of nut plantations.
Cuttings
Red-haired hazel rooted hard and long. The most favorable outcome is possible when using cuttings from a two-year-old growth. DFor cuttings are selected the strongest shoots that are cut off from the bush in the morning. They are planted in the ground from a mixture of sand and peat.The soil should be constantly moistened. Direct sunlight is detrimental to cuttings, as are cold drafts.
Harvesting
Red-leaved hazel begins to fructify 4 -5 year own life. Nuts ripen in August - September, rarely at the end of July. The main sign of maturity is the yellowing of fruits and their separation from the branches. The harvest from one bush can reach 20 kg. Collected for storage of fruits is recommended to be dried and stored in canvas bags.
Susceptibility to diseases and pests
Hazel is quite a disease resistant variety. The main pests affecting the plant include the following:
- nut weevil;
- kidney mite;
- aphid ordinary;
- scythes;
- caterpillars
- drill beetles.
Pests should be protected from pests Intavir. Early treatment is recommended before the disclosure of the kidneys, repeated - after the formation of leaves.
Red-leaved Hazel is susceptible to various fungal diseases.. Colloidal sulfur and spraying the bush with Bordeaux mixture are used against them.
Proteins, nuts and woodpeckers cause serious damage to the crop.
The hazelnut Krasnolistnaya is simple in landing and cultivation, easily transfers differences of temperature and humidity. It is highly adaptable.. With minimal care, the gardener will be pleased with high productivity and aesthetic beauty.