Cherries have long conquered the hearts of gardeners and those who like to feast on it. There are many varieties of its varieties of colors: yellow, white, dark red and black.
A few decades ago, sweet cherry (not cherry) was considered to be directly southern culture. But as a result of the important activity of breeders, it spread far to the north.
Now it is possible to see it in the sections of the middle zone of our country. The most important thing is to choose the right varieties and learn how to care for them properly. Breeders brought a large number of varieties of cherries, which are adapted to the harsh conditions of winter frost.Thus, for the gardens of the Central District it is recommended to plant the following varieties: Adeline, Veda, Revna, Rechitsa, Ovstuzhenka and Leningradskaya black.
Table of contents
Sweet cherry Leningrad black
Let's start with the description. Leningrad black is recognized as the first winter-hardy variety. This variety was bred in Pavlovskaya Experimental Station VIR of the city of St. Petersburg.
Berries of Leningrad black are large, maroon in color, the average weight is five grams. The shape of the fruit is heart-shaped. Their taste is sweet, but slightly bitter.
In some cases, the fruits are harvested only in the fifth year of life. Crops are characterized by abundance and long lifetimes on the tree.
To get a good harvest from a sweet cherry, it should be planted on a sunny plot.
Pests that are dangerous for sweet cherry:
- Primarily a threat to this variety are rodents. They break holes in the roots and gnaw them.You should constantly monitor the ground near the tree and apply repellents.
- Birds are enemies for the harvest of sweet cherries. To protect the berries from birds, you need to finish the flowering cover the crown with a special grid.
If there is no such possibility, then it is possible to water only in the morning hours, but it should be abundant. In order for the sweet cherry to survive the winter period, it is necessary to prune the branches at the end of autumn. In early spring, the trunk and lower branches should be whitened, thanks to which the tree can be saved from insects.
Variety Ovvuzhenka
The Ovstuzhenka sweet cherry variety was developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine by combining the Venyaminova and Leningradskaya black varieties. Authorship belongs to M.V. Kanshina
Cherry precocity is below average. It is possible to observe high yields after 4–5 years of tree development, but a forty-year-old plant can bear fruit.
Berries in this variety are rounded, weighing from 4.2 g. Their color is dark red, they are tasty and juicy, and their tonic properties turn them into healing ones. But since the fruits of Hovduzhenka ripen in gardens first, they attract birds and pests of the garden. Moth penetrates the fruit eats the flesh, and the wrinkled berry becomes unpleasant to the taste. To protect against birds on the crown of the tree during the period of fruiting throw mesh.
Recommendations for growing Ovtuzhenka:
- Seedlings must be purchased in a nursery or specialty store. Should know about the type of stock. Seed stocks preferred. Sweet cherries will grow strong and hardy. It is better to buy seedlings in the fall, as during this period there will be a large selection. In winter, the seedling is placed in a shallow trench. It is placed a tree at an angle, and the roots are covered with soil.
- Planting is recommended in the spring, after thawing the top layer of soil. The pit is prepared before the winter cold.Young trees planted in the autumn period often perish due to weak roots, and the wood withered during the winter retards their growth.
Variety Veda
Variety of sweet cherry Veda was created in the Research Institute of Lupine.
The fruits of this variety are medium-sized, one-dimensional, wide-heart-shaped, with an approximate weight of 5.1 g. The color of the berries is dark red. The sweet skin is tender. Their flesh is dark red in color, tender and juicy. The yield of the Veda variety reaches 77 c / ha.
This sweet cherry loves fertile, light and medium loamy soils with a neutral environment. She prefers moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water.
Variety Veda has good resistance to environmental conditions and various diseases, such as coccomycosis. Also Veda tolerates the winter cold without complications.
Adeline
Adeline variety was created in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants. It was obtained by combining varieties: Slava Zhukova and Valery Chkalov.
The weight of berries in sweet cherry reaches 5.5–6.0 g.They are heart-shaped, dark red in color. The flesh is dark red, of moderate density. Fruits easily detach from the stem.
For this variety is characterized by increased winter hardiness and is moderately resistant to diseases such as coccomycosis and moniliosis.
Adelina’s landing begins with the selection of a site that must be closed to the north winds. The best solution would be sloping, southern or south-western slopes, as well as places located on the south side of the buildings. It is recommended to make a small hill, raising the ground level by 0.5 m.
Young trees are planted in early spring before the buds swell, but the preparation for planting occurs in the autumn.
Rechitsa
Variety Rechitsa selected for marker properties of the seedlings of the Bryansk pink cherry. Bred it in the Research Institute of Lupine M.V. Kanshina
The average weight of the fruit is 4.9 g, the maximum weight reaches 5.8 g. Round-shaped cherries, with an average funnel. The color of the berries is almost black, and the pulp and juice is dark red. Their stem is long and not very thick. The flesh has a juicy and sweet taste.
Berries appear on the tree for 5 years. The average yield of 82 c / ha, the highest - 146 c / ha.Winter hardiness of sweet cherry and flower buds is high. Variety Rechitsa resistant to fungal infections.
Chereshnya Revna
Revna is the closest relative of the Bryansk Pink variety, from the seedlings of which a wonderful variety was created.
Cherries are medium sized. Their average weight is 4.7 g, and the largest is 7.7 g. The shape of the fruit is wide-round, with a wide funnel and rounded top. Their skin is quite dense. The berries have a dark red color, so that they become almost black during removable and consumer maturity.
When planting use the southern slopes, on which the cold air is not possible to stagnate. For the proper development of sweet berries, it is necessary that a large amount of sunlight gets on the plant. In this regard, for planting the most successful option will be the south side of the garden, not shaded by buildings and other trees.
Revny's Cherry is not susceptible to fungal diseases.However, if other trees grow on the site and the year is not very suitable for growing different crops, each tree may be subject to diseases. Then the plant should be treated with universal tools for stone trees. Spraying is carried out before flowering, and if necessary, after the tree has flowered.
Vasilisa
The variety Vasilisa was bred in the Donetsk branch of the Institute of Horticulture UAAN L. I. Taranenko in consequence of the combination of varieties Donetsk Ugol'ek and Donetsk beauty.
The trees are skoroplodny, bring a large amount of harvest. Basilisa berries are quite large, with dense flesh, weighing 12.5 g, red color, rounded, pleasant to taste. Cherry ripening period is medium.
Vasilisa is planted on loamy soils with a high moisture content. It is not necessary to place the tree on gravelly soils, since they are arid and absolutely unsuitable for the cultivation of sweet cherries.Planting of young trees is recommended in the autumn. Before the frosts begin, the roots of the cherries will be rooted.
The sweet cherry of any of the above varieties is an excellent choice for any garden. But it must be remembered that large berries and healthy trees are not only positive qualities of a certain variety, but also the result of the hard work of a real gardener.