Features landing and care for cherry plum in central Russia
Cherry plum or Russian plum

If the pressure jumped and the headache hurts, you can eat a little cherry plum, about two hundred grams. The pain will pass, the body will recover. On the healing properties of this plant is mentioned in the Vedic treatises ayuverdy. From cherry plums do famous tkemalevy sauce. This southern plant is well acclimatized in the gardens of the temperate climate zone.. Let's take a closer look at the features of planting and caring for this plant in central Russia.

We grow cherry plum in the middle lane and Moscow region

Tkemali, plum, migrated to the European continent from Transcaucasia and Asia. The tree is unpretentious and able to interbreed with plums, peaches, cherries, cherries and apricots. These properties allowed breeders to bring varieties that are well-established in mid-latitudes.

Cherry plum or Russian plum

In the 19th century, tkemali were crossed with a Chinese frost-resistant plum. The hybrid has received the name "Russian plum". This plant was the basis for the breeding of many varieties that can grow in the middle zone. Some varieties withstand thirty degrees of frost.

Why you need to grow plum in the country, the dignity of the tree

Gardeners have long and successfully grown a tree even in more northern latitudes, for example, the Kirov region. There are varieties that can be planted in the Far East. Therefore, the statement that the southern plant alcha is not quite true.

Russian plum has several advantages:

  • grows in almost all soils. But too acidic and alkaline earth endures poorly. This deficiency can be corrected.The increased acidity of the soil is neutralized by adding lime or dolomite flour (per 1 square meter of approximately 300 grams). In alkaline soil make gypsum, in the same proportion;
  • gets accustomed quickly and begins to bear fruit in a year;
  • high yield. Some varieties can produce up to 30-35 kg per tree;
  • since I am from the south, tolerates heat well;
  • individual varieties ripen in late Julyearly August;
  • get divorced in different ways: you can graft, graft and plant bends;
  • beautiful early honey plant;
  • contains vitamins useful for human health, minerals, acids. Recommended for many diseases;
  • widely used in cooking. They make sauce, jam, compotes, marshmallow, marmalade, sherbet from cherry plum. It turns out tasty and aromatic wine and tinctures.

All these advantages have made Russian plum, so called cherry plum, a popular plant among gardeners.

Popular varieties

Thanks to the efforts of breeders, varieties that take root in frosty winters are bred. At the same time significantly improved the quality characteristics of the fetus. Drugs became bigger. Yield increased. The shape and color of the fruits of different varieties of trees pleases with its diversity, from amber-yellow to burgundy and purple. You can choose varieties with different qualities. Sweeter, sour-sweet, juicy or those that are suitable for drying.

It is necessary to plant several trees at a distance of 3 meters from each other. Better than different varieties. Cherry plum is self-infertile, that is, it must be pollinated by other trees.

Most of all took root in middle latitudes:

  • varieties Shater, Kuban comet, Found. These are varieties that have enough large fruits (up to 40 grams) burgundy with yellow flesh. All three varieties tolerate winter well. Differ yield. Mature in August.
  • varieties Gift of St. Petersburg, Golds of the Scythians, Maar. These are low-growing and medium-growth frost-resistant varieties with yellow berries. The fruits are not very large. Appreciated for disease resistance and good winter hardiness.
  • Grade Traveler. Early Russian plum with burgundy fruits. Good pollinates other varieties of cherry plum.
  • Lama. A very beautiful tree with bardo-purple fruits and reddish leaves. Fruits up to 40 grams.

When is it better to plant a tree - in spring or autumn?

If you decide to plant cherry plum in the country or a garden, then it is better to do it in the spring, but to get a plant in the fall. At this time, a larger range of planting material. During the autumn planting there is a risk that the tree will not have time to take root before frost.

Planting dates: in the spring in mid-April, in the fall in the first half of September.

Sapling bought in autumn can prikopat. To do this, make a hole up to half a meter. Lay the tree at an angle to the south. They are added dropwise to the middle of the trunk and sprinkled with earth on top.

How to plant plum

In most cases, the soil in the middle latitudes with high acidity, so you need to make lime. It is necessary to plant several seedlings at once so that they pollinate each other..

Although frost-resistant varieties are bred, by nature plum is a thermophilic tree. Therefore, planted on the south side, in places protected from the wind. Loves the plant abundance of light.

The root system of the Russian plum is shallow, located in the upper part of the soil cover. The tree does not like too wet soil. Reacts even to spring waterlogging. Therefore, it is not recommended to land in areas of close groundwater.

Landing procedure:

  • dig a hole in depth and around the perimeter before 70 centimeters;
  • distance between landing pits from 2,5 before 3 meters;
  • the soil is well loosened, add humus, lime, mineral fertilizers (double superphosphate-500 grams);
  • at the bottom of the pit pour a mound;
  • seedlings are planted slightly shaking the roots;
  • fixed near the support, to which the tree is tied up;
  • good waterup to 4 buckets of water;
  • tops cut off;
  • on top the soil is mulchedcan be peat.
Favorable time of year for planting cherry plums is spring (mid-April)
Favorable time of year for planting cherry plums is spring (mid-April)

More winter-hardy seedlings obtained from cuttings.Saplings in containers can be planted without holes, slightly prikopat and pour the earth on top.

Spring care

In the first year after planting trees can not feed, as they will have enough fertilizers applied during planting.

Trees older than two years in the spring feed. Before the tree starts to bloom, ammonium nitrate (up to 90 grams per square meter) is added, in early summer potassium (up to 50 grams), superphosphate (up to 180 grams).

In the early spring, water is diverted so as not to heat the roots. At the same time, they are pruning. Remove dried branches. Thin out the crown, leaving branches that are located at a distance of 20 cm apart. The tops of the branches pinch.

The old bark is removed and the trunk is treated with a solution of copper sulphate (3%). In April, sprayed from pests.

If the spring is dry, then the plant is watered in spring. 2-3 times.

Summer care for cherry plum

  • Watered 3-4 buckets every 10 days.
  • Loosen the soil around the tree.
  • If a powerful ovary, then install props.

In August, they feed organic fertilizers diluted with water.

Preparing a tree for winter

  • Make one more fertilizing organic matter and mineral fertilizers.
  • Before the leaves fall, watered deep under the root (up to 40cm). For these purposes, make the deepening.
  • Clean the dead bark, lime stem, carry out another spraying against pests.
  • Root shoots cleanLeaves are harvested and burned.
In winter, the trunk of the cherry plum is whitened and the crown is sprayed from pests.
In winter, the trunk of the cherry plum is whitened and the crown is sprayed from pests.

If there is a hollow or wound on the trunk, then they are covered over. One of the recipes: 150 grams of copper sulphate, 2.5 tablespoons of lime and ash per 5 liters of clay diluted with water.

How to trim plum, the formation of the crown

The best time to form a crown and pruning trees is early spring, before the movement of juices begins.

They do not recommend autumn pruning, as the tree can weaken and suffer badly from winter frosts. Clean only dried branches.

Like a plum shaped crown in the bowl. The first year is allocated and left three branches, with an inclination of up to 60 degrees. In the second and third year, three more skeletal branches are left. Do it evenly around the perimeter, so as to get a circle. The tops are cut by the level of the third skeletal branch. Cut large branches treated with garden pitch.

Formation of a crown of cherry plum in the form of a bowl
Formation of a crown of cherry plum in the form of a bowl

Non-frost resistant varieties are best shaped as a bush.. In winter, they wrap themselves in snow and more easily endure frosts. To form a bush, branches are shortened to half a meter and bred to the side (up to 6 branches). Weights are used for this purpose.

When forming a bowl, the height of the trunk is from 50 to 80 cm, with a bush-like form up to 30 cm.

The first years are summer pruning after harvest.. The tree at this time is powerfully developing, and the branches can reach 2 meters. Therefore, they are cut about 70 cm.

Cherry-plum along with traditional fruit trees, apples, plums, apricots, cherries took a worthy place in the gardens of the zone of the middle band and the Moscow region, as with the right care, you can get a high yield. The fruits of the tree are a storehouse of useful substances. A high content of vitamins C and A, treats avitaminosis. Helps rid the body of radionuclides and harmful heavy metals. Treats a cold. Recommended for people with high blood pressure and rheumatism. Cleans the blood.

In addition, it is a tasty berry. It is suitable for preservation, drying. In cooking, many recipes of dishes with Russian plum. Why are only pickled tomatoes with cherry plum.