One of the useful garden plants, unpretentious in terms of cultivation is the turnip onion. Depending on the time of receipt, it is one-year and two-year. You can get a normal onion from the seeds in the year of sowing, or first grow sevok. And next year, to get a harvest of large bulbs, subject to the rules of agricultural technology. What gardener did not grow onions in his garden? The correct method of planting seedlings is the key to a good harvest.
Table of contents
The right way to plant a turnip onion from sevka: soil preparation
It is easy to grow onions from sevka, it is available to beginner gardeners of any region of Russia, be it Moscow, Kirov Oblast or the Far East and Siberia. Seed material can be purchased in specialized stores or try to grow it yourself. For this, early spring Chernushka seeds are buried in the ground with two lines with a distance of ten centimeters between them.
Depending on the soil, the sowing depth is from one and a half to three centimeters. The shoots appearing in ten to fifteen days do not thin out. For full growth, the seed requires a loose soil, no weeds. Watering is often carried out until the end of the period of formation of a small onion.
Cleaning is done manually, before laying it out for the winter, it is well dried. Store seed at a temperature of plus 18 degrees.
Seed preparation for sowing: temperature and planting pattern
Before sowing it is necessary to prepare sevok. The scheme by which you can plant sevok simple.Onions warmed to a temperature of 25 degrees and above. For this, a seed box is placed near the heaters.
Another way to plant sevok - his room in a container with hot water for twenty minutes. Water temperature should not exceed fifty degrees. Then it is doused with cold water and laid out for drying at room temperature.
Place for planting heads choose where there were beds with peas, potatoes, cabbage, pumpkin. The best neighbors for him are carrots and garlic, the smell emitted by the greens of these vegetables, will scare away pests.
Soil composition is also important. The acidity index should not be more than 7.8. At elevated levels, slaked lime is added to the ground. This must be done in advance: in the fall during spring sowing and vice versa. Land for planting choose in an open place without shading. The plant does not like wetlands.
Careful preparation of seed and soil is an important condition for obtaining high quality onion crops.
Time, rules and timing of landing in the spring
Landing dates depend on climatic and weather conditions.
In the spring, they start planting crops no later than the first decade of May. But many close up small onions in the ground in the fall. In winter, it is better to plant material at the end of October. Then sevok not soaked so that he did not die from a sharp decrease in temperature. The advantage of this planting is the natural hardening of the seed.
Sow onion is better to a depth of two or three centimeters. Onions are located at a distance of eight centimeters. According to the rules of agrotechnology, one square meter is sufficient for eighty grams of seed set.
In spring, the beds are mulched with sawdust to preserve moisture. After the autumn planting before winter it is better to cover the beds with straw or needles.
Onions - competent care for plantings
To care for onions do not take much time and effort. It consists in the following actions:
- The plant needs moderate watering. On hot days, one hydration per five days will suffice.At moderate temperatures - one watering in ten days. Watering is stopped a month before harvesting the vegetable.
- Onions grown on poor soils require fertilizing. During the summer, fertilize three times. The first time you reach a green feather height of seven centimeters. The rest of the feeding three weeks later. Diluted poultry manure, mullein in a ratio of 1: 15 is suitable as a fertilizer. Urea and superphosphate will be suitable for mineral substances. Twenty to fifteen gram fertilizer is also diluted in a bucket of water.
- Loosening the beds is carried out regularly to a depth of five centimeters.
- Onions grow poorly when soil is clogged by grass. Weeds are harvested as needed.
When fertile soils in the garden for planting vegetables will need only watering, loosening, weeding.
Diseases and pests
Moist hot summer onions are affected by pathogenic fungi. Perinosporosis is determined by the appearance of light spots on feathers. The disease is transmitted by wind, man, insects. The best drugs against the disease is a 1% Bordeaux liquid, Podicarbacin suspension. Spray the diseased plants three times with a break of ten days.The last treatment is carried out twenty days before harvest.
The appearance of round, bloated orange spots on the stems is a symptom of rust disease. It is possible to prevent the development of the pathological process by regular weeding of the beds, with rare plantings of seed sets.
Fusarium rot of Donets is determined by the decay of feathers and turnips. Disease prevention consists of tillage before planting with Iprodion. It is necessary not to plant onions in the same place every year and disinfect the seed with a solution of potassium permanganate.
Pests are dangerous for vegetables:
- onion fly;
- wire beetles;
- onion weevil.
Creolin is used to scare away flies.
Successful struggle with the wireworm is to conduct the proper farming practices.
The fight against the weevil, or the stealth, is carried out by spraying crops in May with insecticides with nicotine sulfate. Rescuing from pest raids thorough cleaning of the garden from garbage after harvesting vegetables.
Compliance with the rules of planting, cultivation of onions from seedlings guarantees a high yield of healthy juicy bulbs.
On the cultivation of some vegetables do not particularly think. Onions are such plants that do not require special knowledge of their agricultural techniques. And often this leads to a loss of the crop, to its complete deterioration and decay. It is necessary to pay attention to this vegetable crop, from planting to harvesting.