Potatoes are one of the most common crops. It is used for cooking and creating valuable products. Its tubers serve as raw materials for the glucose, alcohol and starch industry. Consider the history of this culture, benefit, harm to the body and how the fruit of the potato can be called.
Table of contents
About potatoes in general
What is the name of the potato fruit: tuber or berry
Some believe that the tubers are the fruits of potatoes, but they are not. The fruit of the plant are berries growing on bushes. In the people they are called tomatoes, bowls or shelabolokami. They begin to form closer to the fall.
The fruit is 2-3 cm in diameter and has a dark green color. Inside the ripe berries are seeds, with which breeders bring new varieties of plants.
Body benefits
Potato has a huge amount of beneficial properties that positively affect the human body. Him use is determined by the chemical composition of tuberswhich are 80% water and fat, 20% carbohydrates, 2% protein.
A young potato contains the maximum amount of vitamins B and C.Also, the plant is rich in magnesium, iron, calcium, phosphorus and other trace elements.
The positive qualities of potatoes include:
- Nutritious food. It is a source of energy and well nourishes the human body. The nutritional value of the vegetable is 94 kcal per 100g.
- Edema control. The fruits of the plant have antispasmodic and diuretic properties. They contain potassium, which is used to remove salts and excess fluid from the body. It also helps to normalize the metabolism and maintain the balance of electrolytes. To support the daily requirement of potassium, it is enough to eat 500 grams of potatoes per day.
- Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Raw roots help people with gastritis, ulcers or fibroids. For the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, you can use a vegetable and boiled.
Culture also contributes eliminate skin problems. The vitamins that make up the tubers make the skin softer. Many experts recommend that people with delicate skin use potato masks.With their help, you can get rid of rashes and redness. To speed wound healing, you can use raw tuber.
What other diseases does a culture help with:
- Atherosclerosis Prevention. People with vascular and heart diseases are encouraged to eat potatoes regularly. With the help of starch, the amount of cholesterol in the liver and blood is reduced.
- Treatment of periodontal disease. To get rid of this disease will help fresh juice of potatoes. It is recommended to rinse their mouth three times a day and periodontal disease will disappear.
-
- Potatoes are ubiquitous in cooking.
-
- Helps from diseases of the digestive tract
-
- Steam inhalation is a well-known “grandfather's” way to treat a cold.
-
- Periodontal disease requires the intervention of a competent specialist
Harm to man
With a long stay in the sun, the tubers of the plant turn green and they accumulate a substance called solanine. After that, you can not use them, as this can lead to serious consequences.
The content of solanine in food dangerous and harmful to humans:
- red blood cells are destroyed;
- nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea;
- frequent fainting.
Tubers contain carbohydrates that are quickly absorbed by the body and accumulate in adipose tissue. Therefore, potato dishes can not be eaten by obese people. Also not eating fried potatoes is recommended, as its caloric content exceeds the norm by 3 times.
It is not necessary to combine a card with other products. This can cause the formation of gas and heaviness in the stomach.
Potato during pregnancy
Eating potato during pregnancy can bring not only benefits but also harm.
Useful qualities
In the first weeks of the term, the body of the future mother is greatly weakened and needs to be restored. Potato Dishes saturate it with vitamins, carbohydrates and other useful items:
- Folic acid. With its help is the formation of the nervous system of the baby.
- Calcium and phosphorus. Participate in the formation of the musculoskeletal system of the child.
- Potassium. Normalizes the performance of the cardiovascular system of the future mother.
What is harmful potatoes for pregnant women
Sprouted tubers can harm the future mother. The amount of starch in them increases and because of this they are digested much worse.
During pregnancy, it is recommended to eat only portions of boiled or baked potatoes in small portions.
Potatoes for children
Bottle-fed babies can to give mashed potatoes since six months. To make it, potatoes are ground in a blender and steamed.
Starting from eight months, children can cook soups and mashed potatoes from potatoes. These dishes contain the elements that a growing baby’s body needs: sulfur, calcium, sec, phosphorus, magnesium.
They play an important role in the formation of muscle mass, teeth, bones, the nervous and immune system of the child.
However, there are some reasons why pediatricians do not recommend start feeding with potatoes:
- It contains a lot of starch, which is poorly absorbed by young children and causes them constipation, colic and bloating.With age, this element is absorbed much better.
- Potatoes are high-calorie foods and must not be given to overweight children. It is better to replace it with beets, carrots, cabbage or zucchini.
The origin of potatoes
The history of the origin of potatoes has several millennia. In different parts of the world, this plant appeared at different times. However, we will try to convey it briefly.
In America and Europe
Homeland cultures is South America. It was on its territory that the local people began to cultivate it about 12 thousand years ago. Scientists have come to such conclusions after studying the remains of plants found during the excavation of Indian settlements.
There are many versions of the appearance of this plant in Europe. However, many researchers are sure that the monk Neronim Kordan was the first to bring him back in 1580.
Potatoes did not immediately gain popularity in Europe. For a long time it was considered inedible. Some doctors even claimed that he was a peddler of infection. Only during the famine in 1755 it began to actively use in food.
To do this, many European monarchs had to intimidate the peasants, as they refused to plant potatoes:
- peasants in England were given gold medals for growing it;
- the king of Prussia issued a decree - it said that people who refused to plant potatoes would cut their ears and noses.
In Russia
The first batch of this vegetable was brought to Russia by Peter I. He ordered to spread potatoes in different areas, but this idea failed.
Only under Catherine II, was it possible to spread the plant throughout Russia. For this, a special order was issued, with the help of which, after 15 years, the vegetable was even grown in Kamchatka.
In 1840 areas for planting steel potatoes quickly increase. Within 10-15 years, several hundreds of new plant varieties were bred.
-
- Peter the Great brought culture home
-
- Recognition she received thanks to Catherine II
Useful potato dishes
There are many types of dishes containing this culture. Preparing a healthy and tasty potato dish is very simple. For this you need to familiarize yourself with the recipes of their preparation.
Dumpling
Ingredients:
- tablespoon wholemeal flour;
- one chicken egg;
- a kilo of potatoes;
- salt to taste
The potato is washed and boiled in the peel. After that, it is cleaned and blended using a blender. Then salt, sifted flour and egg are added to it. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and cut into small piecesthat will need to be added to boiling water.
Dumplings get out of the water when they start to rise. Served on the table with sauce or sour cream.
Dietary pancakes
Ingredients:
- two tablespoons of flour;
- two eggs;
- two onions;
- a kilo of potatoes;
- salt to taste
Potatoes are cleaned, cleaned and grated. Then salt, eggs, flour and chopped onions are added to the potatoes.All ingredients are mixed until uniform, after which the mixture is laid out in small portions in the pan and baked for 20-30 minutes.
Baked Potato
Ingredients:
- a kilo of potatoes;
- three heads of garlic;
- salt to taste
Potatoes and garlic are washed, cleaned and cut into several pieces. Then they are placed in a mold and placed in a preheated oven. The dish should be baked for 45-50 minutes. To make it softer, shape can be covered with foil or lid.
Potatoes - a plant with a rich history. It is used for cosmetic purposes, for the treatment of diseases and the preparation of various dishes.